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    "pref" : "The dataset is part of a project to investigate justifications of repression in North African autocracies. It was set up to answer the question to what extent and how repressive incidents were communicated and justified in Morocco and Tunisia from 2000 to 2010, before the beginning of the Arab uprising protests.<br>\nThe event dataset is the first to disaggregate data on repressive incidents in two countries over the course of a decade, providing information about the forms of repression, its targets, the actors involved in repression and its justification, and the communication of state violence. All variables are available in textual form, although the forms of repression and repressive actors are all also listed in binary form to facilitate software-supported analysis. The dataset contains in total 439 repressive incidents: namely, 280 for Tunisia and 159 for Morocco. The data was collected from publicly available reports by Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, the U.S. State Department, and organizations and news outlets that covered repressive events and their respective justifications. We complemented these English-language sources with further information from French and Arabic sources and provide all data in English. \nThis systematic collection enables us to assess the extent of justification, as opposed to denial or cover-up, and also to dig into the substantial arguments that were brought forward here. It includes not only cases of protest repression, but also more mundane everyday restrictions on dissidents, and other human rights violations. This gives insight into the political communication of autocracies and their strategies to mitigate the risk of backlash that usually comes with the use of state violence.",
    "de" : "The dataset is part of a project to investigate justifications of repression in North African autocracies. It was set up to answer the question to what extent and how repressive incidents were communicated and justified in Morocco and Tunisia from 2000 to 2010, before the beginning of the Arab uprising protests.<br>\nThe event dataset is the first to disaggregate data on repressive incidents in two countries over the course of a decade, providing information about the forms of repression, its targets, the actors involved in repression and its justification, and the communication of state violence. All variables are available in textual form, although the forms of repression and repressive actors are all also listed in binary form to facilitate software-supported analysis. The dataset contains in total 439 repressive incidents: namely, 280 for Tunisia and 159 for Morocco. The data was collected from publicly available reports by Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, the U.S. State Department, and organizations and news outlets that covered repressive events and their respective justifications. We complemented these English-language sources with further information from French and Arabic sources and provide all data in English. \nThis systematic collection enables us to assess the extent of justification, as opposed to denial or cover-up, and also to dig into the substantial arguments that were brought forward here. It includes not only cases of protest repression, but also more mundane everyday restrictions on dissidents, and other human rights violations. This gives insight into the political communication of autocracies and their strategies to mitigate the risk of backlash that usually comes with the use of state violence.",
    "en" : "The dataset is part of a project to investigate justifications of repression in North African autocracies. It was set up to answer the question to what extent and how repressive incidents were communicated and justified in Morocco and Tunisia from 2000 to 2010, before the beginning of the Arab uprising protests.<br>\nThe event dataset is the first to disaggregate data on repressive incidents in two countries over the course of a decade, providing information about the forms of repression, its targets, the actors involved in repression and its justification, and the communication of state violence. All variables are available in textual form, although the forms of repression and repressive actors are all also listed in binary form to facilitate software-supported analysis. The dataset contains in total 439 repressive incidents: namely, 280 for Tunisia and 159 for Morocco. The data was collected from publicly available reports by Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, the U.S. State Department, and organizations and news outlets that covered repressive events and their respective justifications. We complemented these English-language sources with further information from French and Arabic sources and provide all data in English. \nThis systematic collection enables us to assess the extent of justification, as opposed to denial or cover-up, and also to dig into the substantial arguments that were brought forward here. It includes not only cases of protest repression, but also more mundane everyday restrictions on dissidents, and other human rights violations. This gives insight into the political communication of autocracies and their strategies to mitigate the risk of backlash that usually comes with the use of state violence."
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  "abstract" : {
    "pref" : "In an era of increasing political challenges to global and regional organizations, it is crucial to understand how they claim legitimacy and how successful they are in this respect. Yet, we know surprisingly little about the sources and consequences of legitimation in most regional organizations worldwide. In this project, we thus map the legitimation strategies of a sample of 28 organizations between 1980 and 2019.\r\n\r\nRegional organizations in the sample:\r\nAfrica\r\n- Organization of African Unity/African Union (OAU/AU) \r\n- Central African Economic and Monetary Union (CEMAC) \r\n- Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) \r\n- East African Community (EAC) \r\n- Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) \r\n- Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) \r\n- Southern African Customs Union (SACU) \r\n- Southern African Development Community (SADC) \r\nAsia-Pacific\r\n- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) \r\n- Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) \r\n- Pacific Island Forum (PIF) \r\n- South Asia Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) \r\n- Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) \r\nAmericas\r\n- Andean Pact/Andean Community (CAN) \r\n- Caribbean Community (CARICOM) \r\n- Common Market of the South (Mercosur)\r\n- Organization of American States (OAS) \r\n- Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) \r\n- Central American Integration System (SICA) \r\nEurope\r\n- Council of Europe (COE) \r\n- European Free Trade Association (EFTA) \r\n- European Union (EU) \r\n- Nordic Council (NordC) \r\nCross-Regional\r\n- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) \r\n- Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) \r\n- League of Arab States (LoAS) \r\n- Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) \r\n- Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)",
    "de" : "In an era of increasing political challenges to global and regional organizations, it is crucial to understand how they claim legitimacy and how successful they are in this respect. Yet, we know surprisingly little about the sources and consequences of legitimation in most regional organizations worldwide. In this project, we thus map the legitimation strategies of a sample of 28 organizations between 1980 and 2019.\r\n\r\nRegional organizations in the sample:\r\nAfrica\r\n- Organization of African Unity/African Union (OAU/AU) \r\n- Central African Economic and Monetary Union (CEMAC) \r\n- Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) \r\n- East African Community (EAC) \r\n- Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) \r\n- Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) \r\n- Southern African Customs Union (SACU) \r\n- Southern African Development Community (SADC) \r\nAsia-Pacific\r\n- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) \r\n- Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) \r\n- Pacific Island Forum (PIF) \r\n- South Asia Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) \r\n- Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) \r\nAmericas\r\n- Andean Pact/Andean Community (CAN) \r\n- Caribbean Community (CARICOM) \r\n- Common Market of the South (Mercosur)\r\n- Organization of American States (OAS) \r\n- Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) \r\n- Central American Integration System (SICA) \r\nEurope\r\n- Council of Europe (COE) \r\n- European Free Trade Association (EFTA) \r\n- European Union (EU) \r\n- Nordic Council (NordC) \r\nCross-Regional\r\n- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) \r\n- Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) \r\n- League of Arab States (LoAS) \r\n- Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) \r\n- Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)",
    "en" : "In an era of increasing political challenges to global and regional organizations, it is crucial to understand how they claim legitimacy and how successful they are in this respect. Yet, we know surprisingly little about the sources and consequences of legitimation in most regional organizations worldwide. In this project, we thus map the legitimation strategies of a sample of 28 organizations between 1980 and 2019.\r\n\r\nRegional organizations in the sample:\r\nAfrica\r\n- Organization of African Unity/African Union (OAU/AU) \r\n- Central African Economic and Monetary Union (CEMAC) \r\n- Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) \r\n- East African Community (EAC) \r\n- Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) \r\n- Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) \r\n- Southern African Customs Union (SACU) \r\n- Southern African Development Community (SADC) \r\nAsia-Pacific\r\n- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) \r\n- Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) \r\n- Pacific Island Forum (PIF) \r\n- South Asia Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) \r\n- Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) \r\nAmericas\r\n- Andean Pact/Andean Community (CAN) \r\n- Caribbean Community (CARICOM) \r\n- Common Market of the South (Mercosur)\r\n- Organization of American States (OAS) \r\n- Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) \r\n- Central American Integration System (SICA) \r\nEurope\r\n- Council of Europe (COE) \r\n- European Free Trade Association (EFTA) \r\n- European Union (EU) \r\n- Nordic Council (NordC) \r\nCross-Regional\r\n- Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) \r\n- Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) \r\n- League of Arab States (LoAS) \r\n- Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) \r\n- Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)"
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    "pref" : "The published data and documents provide information to replicate the analyses of the paper \"Interreligious contact and attitudes in Togo and Sierra Leone: The role of ingroup norms and individual preferences\" by Julia Köbrich, Borja Martinović and Tobias Stark that will be published in Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology. Data were collected as part of the project 'Religion for Peace: Identifying Conditions and Mechanisms of Interfaith Peace' conducted at the German Institute for Global and Area Studies funded by the German Research Foundation. \nThe data include information for two independent samples on descriptive and injunctive norms, individual preferences for similar others, close contact, positive and negative casual contact, interreligious attitudes as well as demographic information. The R-syntax replicates analyses for Study 1 and Study 2 reported in the paper and its online supplement.\n\nData for Study 1 were collected via self-administered questionnaires by a non-probability sample between 13.09.2022 and 05.10.2022. Enumerators used their social (media) networks to spread participation links. Individuals who gave informed consent and indicated that they were residents of Togo or Sierra Leone were eligible to participate in the study. The published data include information on Muslim and Christian participants and removed potential duplicate respondents as well as those with missing values on all reported variables (N=678, 27 variables). Respondents had the choice to complete the questionnaire in English or Krio in Sierra Leone and in French or Ewe in Togo. All Sierra Leonean respondents completed the questionnaire in English and all Togolese respondents in French.\n\nData for Study 2 were collected as part of a household survey conducted in 50 neighborhoods in Lomé and Freetown (capitals of Togo and Sierra Leone) via computer assisted personal interviewing (Data collection in Lomé: 24.10.2022 to 08.11.2022; in Freetown: 26.11.2022 to 13.12.2022). Per city 25 neighborhoods were randomly drawn taking into account their religious demography (religiously mixed: 8 Lomé/ 11 Freetown; predominantly Christian: 9 Lomé/ 6 Freetown and predominantly Muslim: 8 per city). Within neighborhoods, households were selected using a random-walk procedure. Participants were randomly chosen from a list of eligible household members. Adult residents of Lomé and Freetown who were able to communicate with the enumerators and gave informed consent were eligible for participation. The published data include information on Muslim and Christian participants (N=1831, 41 variables). Respondents had the choice to be interviewed in English or Krio in Sierra Leone and in French or Ewe in Togo. In Sierra Leone 6% chose English and 94% Krio and in Togo 46% chose French and 54% Ewe.",
    "de" : "The published data and documents provide information to replicate the analyses of the paper \"Interreligious contact and attitudes in Togo and Sierra Leone: The role of ingroup norms and individual preferences\" by Julia Köbrich, Borja Martinović and Tobias Stark that will be published in Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology. Data were collected as part of the project 'Religion for Peace: Identifying Conditions and Mechanisms of Interfaith Peace' conducted at the German Institute for Global and Area Studies funded by the German Research Foundation. \nThe data include information for two independent samples on descriptive and injunctive norms, individual preferences for similar others, close contact, positive and negative casual contact, interreligious attitudes as well as demographic information. The R-syntax replicates analyses for Study 1 and Study 2 reported in the paper and its online supplement.\n\nData for Study 1 were collected via self-administered questionnaires by a non-probability sample between 13.09.2022 and 05.10.2022. Enumerators used their social (media) networks to spread participation links. Individuals who gave informed consent and indicated that they were residents of Togo or Sierra Leone were eligible to participate in the study. The published data include information on Muslim and Christian participants and removed potential duplicate respondents as well as those with missing values on all reported variables (N=678, 27 variables). Respondents had the choice to complete the questionnaire in English or Krio in Sierra Leone and in French or Ewe in Togo. All Sierra Leonean respondents completed the questionnaire in English and all Togolese respondents in French.\n\nData for Study 2 were collected as part of a household survey conducted in 50 neighborhoods in Lomé and Freetown (capitals of Togo and Sierra Leone) via computer assisted personal interviewing (Data collection in Lomé: 24.10.2022 to 08.11.2022; in Freetown: 26.11.2022 to 13.12.2022). Per city 25 neighborhoods were randomly drawn taking into account their religious demography (religiously mixed: 8 Lomé/ 11 Freetown; predominantly Christian: 9 Lomé/ 6 Freetown and predominantly Muslim: 8 per city). Within neighborhoods, households were selected using a random-walk procedure. Participants were randomly chosen from a list of eligible household members. Adult residents of Lomé and Freetown who were able to communicate with the enumerators and gave informed consent were eligible for participation. The published data include information on Muslim and Christian participants (N=1831, 41 variables). Respondents had the choice to be interviewed in English or Krio in Sierra Leone and in French or Ewe in Togo. In Sierra Leone 6% chose English and 94% Krio and in Togo 46% chose French and 54% Ewe.",
    "en" : "The published data and documents provide information to replicate the analyses of the paper \"Interreligious contact and attitudes in Togo and Sierra Leone: The role of ingroup norms and individual preferences\" by Julia Köbrich, Borja Martinović and Tobias Stark that will be published in Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology. Data were collected as part of the project 'Religion for Peace: Identifying Conditions and Mechanisms of Interfaith Peace' conducted at the German Institute for Global and Area Studies funded by the German Research Foundation. \nThe data include information for two independent samples on descriptive and injunctive norms, individual preferences for similar others, close contact, positive and negative casual contact, interreligious attitudes as well as demographic information. The R-syntax replicates analyses for Study 1 and Study 2 reported in the paper and its online supplement.\n\nData for Study 1 were collected via self-administered questionnaires by a non-probability sample between 13.09.2022 and 05.10.2022. Enumerators used their social (media) networks to spread participation links. Individuals who gave informed consent and indicated that they were residents of Togo or Sierra Leone were eligible to participate in the study. The published data include information on Muslim and Christian participants and removed potential duplicate respondents as well as those with missing values on all reported variables (N=678, 27 variables). Respondents had the choice to complete the questionnaire in English or Krio in Sierra Leone and in French or Ewe in Togo. All Sierra Leonean respondents completed the questionnaire in English and all Togolese respondents in French.\n\nData for Study 2 were collected as part of a household survey conducted in 50 neighborhoods in Lomé and Freetown (capitals of Togo and Sierra Leone) via computer assisted personal interviewing (Data collection in Lomé: 24.10.2022 to 08.11.2022; in Freetown: 26.11.2022 to 13.12.2022). Per city 25 neighborhoods were randomly drawn taking into account their religious demography (religiously mixed: 8 Lomé/ 11 Freetown; predominantly Christian: 9 Lomé/ 6 Freetown and predominantly Muslim: 8 per city). Within neighborhoods, households were selected using a random-walk procedure. Participants were randomly chosen from a list of eligible household members. Adult residents of Lomé and Freetown who were able to communicate with the enumerators and gave informed consent were eligible for participation. The published data include information on Muslim and Christian participants (N=1831, 41 variables). Respondents had the choice to be interviewed in English or Krio in Sierra Leone and in French or Ewe in Togo. In Sierra Leone 6% chose English and 94% Krio and in Togo 46% chose French and 54% Ewe."
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